0%

iOS底层探索-alloc方法

alloc是我们日常开发中经常遇到,下面我们从源码层面分析一下,alloc方法的底层。

准备工作-获取源码

  • 从苹果开源网站下载objc的源码。
  • 根据这个教程将源码调试成可编译的状态

    开始探究

    我们新建一个类JSPerson
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    //.h
    @interface JSPerson : NSObject
    @end
    //.m
    @implementation JSPerson
    @end
    main方法中初始化JSPerson
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
    JSPerson *person = [JSPerson alloc];
    NSLog(@"%@",person);
    }
    return 0;
    }
    JSPerson *person = [JSPerson alloc];这行添加断点运行。
    control键发现断点走到了
    1
    2
    KCObjcBuild`objc_alloc:
    -> 0x100003f44 <+0>: jmpq *0x40be(%rip) ; (void *)0x0000000100003f76
    说明这个时候调用了objc_alloc方法,我们打一个objc_alloc的符号断点,继续执行程序,发现断点来到了objc_alloc的源码部分。
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    // Calls [cls alloc].
    id
    objc_alloc(Class cls)
    {
    return callAlloc(cls, true/*checkNil*/, false/*allocWithZone*/);
    }
    我们继续进入callAlloc方法:
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    static ALWAYS_INLINE id
    callAlloc(Class cls, bool checkNil, bool allocWithZone=false)
    {
    #if __OBJC2__
    if (slowpath(checkNil && !cls)) return nil;
    if (fastpath(!cls->ISA()->hasCustomAWZ())) {
    return _objc_rootAllocWithZone(cls, nil);
    }
    #endif

    // No shortcuts available.
    if (allocWithZone) {
    return ((id(*)(id, SEL, struct _NSZone *))objc_msgSend)(cls, @selector(allocWithZone:), nil);
    }
    return ((id(*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend)(cls, @selector(alloc));
    }
    我们继续走断点,发现走到了return ((id(*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend)(cls, @selector(alloc));即又调用了alloc方法,也就是说callAlloc也会再次调用。
    继续调试这次走到了return _objc_rootAllocWithZone(cls, nil);,断点进入_objc_rootAllocWithZone方法看一下源码:
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    id
    _objc_rootAllocWithZone(Class cls, malloc_zone_t *zone __unused)
    {
    // allocWithZone under __OBJC2__ ignores the zone parameter
    return _class_createInstanceFromZone(cls, 0, nil,
    OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_CALL_BADALLOC);
    }
    代码很简单,我们继续跟进到_class_createInstanceFromZone方法:
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    38
    39
    40
    41
    42
    static ALWAYS_INLINE id
    _class_createInstanceFromZone(Class cls, size_t extraBytes, void *zone,
    int construct_flags = OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_NONE,
    bool cxxConstruct = true,
    size_t *outAllocatedSize = nil)
    {
    ASSERT(cls->isRealized());
    // Read class's info bits all at once for performance
    bool hasCxxCtor = cxxConstruct && cls->hasCxxCtor();
    bool hasCxxDtor = cls->hasCxxDtor();
    bool fast = cls->canAllocNonpointer();
    size_t size;
    ///获取实例大小
    size = cls->instanceSize(extraBytes);
    if (outAllocatedSize) *outAllocatedSize = size;
    id obj;
    if (zone) {
    obj = (id)malloc_zone_calloc((malloc_zone_t *)zone, 1, size);
    } else {
    //分配内存
    obj = (id)calloc(1, size);
    }
    if (slowpath(!obj)) {
    if (construct_flags & OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_CALL_BADALLOC) {
    return _objc_callBadAllocHandler(cls);
    }
    return nil;
    }
    ///关联isa指针
    if (!zone && fast) {
    obj->initInstanceIsa(cls, hasCxxDtor);
    } else {
    // Use raw pointer isa on the assumption that they might be
    // doing something weird with the zone or RR.
    obj->initIsa(cls);
    }
    if (fastpath(!hasCxxCtor)) {
    return obj;
    }
    construct_flags |= OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_FREE_ONFAILURE;
    return object_cxxConstructFromClass(obj, cls, construct_flags);
    }
    _class_createInstanceFromZone方法有三个关键的点,我们下面分别分析:

    获取实例大小 size = cls->instanceSize(extraBytes)

    内联函数instanceSize的作用是获取实例的大小,对象的大小取决于其ivars(成员变量)的大小。
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    // May be unaligned depending on class's ivars.
    uint32_t unalignedInstanceSize() const {
    ASSERT(isRealized());
    return data()->ro()->instanceSize;
    }
    inline size_t instanceSize(size_t extraBytes) const {
    if (fastpath(cache.hasFastInstanceSize(extraBytes))) {
    return cache.fastInstanceSize(extraBytes);
    }
    size_t size = alignedInstanceSize() + extraBytes;
    // CF requires all objects be at least 16 bytes.
    if (size < 16) size = 16;
    return size;
    }
    根据if (size < 16) size = 16;可以看出,对象最小大小为16,这个就是内存对齐的概念,上面的alignedInstanceSize()函数,会继续调用内联函数word_align
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    // __LP64__
    # define WORD_MASK 7UL
    static inline uint32_t word_align(uint32_t x) {
    return (x + WORD_MASK) & ~WORD_MASK;
    }
    这里就引入一个概念就是字节对齐。可以看到WORD_MASK=7,它的作用是保证字节的大小为8的倍数。

    给对象分配内存空间

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    if (zone) {
    obj = (id)malloc_zone_calloc((malloc_zone_t *)zone, 1, size);
    } else {
    obj = (id)calloc(1, size);
    }

    给对象关联isa指针

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    if (!zone && fast) {
    obj->initInstanceIsa(cls, hasCxxDtor);
    } else {
    // Use raw pointer isa on the assumption that they might be
    // doing something weird with the zone or RR.
    obj->initIsa(cls);
    }

    总结

    总结来看alloc的流程图即为下图所示:

alloc流程.png